Business model

Case studies 23 min read

Rolls-Royce sold engines by the flying hour. When 2020 flying fell to 43% it lost £2bn; repricing and durability work then lifted civil margins…

Case studies 20 min read

Nespresso built a closed capsule system sold through its own club and shops, then met the 2012 patent expiry with lawsuits, French commitments and…

Case studies 20 min read

Fortnite's free battle royale earned Epic $5.8bn in 2018 alone, money that funded an 88/12 PC store and lawsuits that cut Apple's and Google's…

Case studies 13 min read

Costco earned $5.32 billion from membership fees in fiscal 2025, about half its operating income, which let it hold gross margin to 11.12% of…

Case studies 14 min read

Zara kept much of its production near Spain and committed only about 15% of stock in advance, which helped Inditex reach €38.63 billion of…

Case studies 14 min read

IKEA moved assembly to the customer through flat-pack furniture in the 1950s, and by 2024 sold EUR 45.1 billion of goods while spending EUR…

Case studies 13 min read

Southwest Airlines turned a 1972 cash crisis into a ten-minute gate turn and 47 profitable years, then dropped open seating and free bags after…

Case studies 15 min read

Spotify let anyone listen for free with ads, and by 2017 that tier had supplied more than 60 per cent of its new paying…

Case studies 15 min read

Dollar Shave Club made a razor-subscription start-up from a $4,500 launch video, took share from Gillette, and was bought by Unilever in 2016 for…

Case studies 15 min read

In 2005 Amazon launched Prime at $79 a year for unlimited two-day shipping, despite doubts it could pay; by 2021 Bezos claimed 200 million…

Tag: Business model